{"id":5263,"date":"2026-04-02T00:55:53","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T21:55:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beirut2030.me\/?p=5263"},"modified":"2026-04-02T08:44:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T05:44:13","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beirut2030.me\/?p=5263","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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    \n
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      \n
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    • \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a 29 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1840\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a 14 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/li>\n
    • \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n
    • \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 1841\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
    • \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 (1845\u20131854) \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u062f (1854\u20131890) \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1858 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c (1890\u20131898)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a: “\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a) \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627”.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0628 “\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0647”.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0643 (1899\u20131931)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0634\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1920 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1926\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

      \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627: “\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621”. \u0641\u0644\u0628\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      \u0644\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 (1932\u20131955)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a 25 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1941 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1943\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u2013\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

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      \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0631 (1986\u20132011)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2000 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a (2011\u2013…) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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      <\/div>\n
      \n
      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n
      <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":null,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"default","_twitter_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type":"default","_pinterest_share_type":"default","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"default","_medium_share_type":"default","_threads_share_type":"default","_google_business_share_type":"default","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[17,39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-17","category-39"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 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